An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2022 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

15961 entries, 13944 authors and 1935 subjects. Updated: March 22, 2024

WEISSMAN, Drew

2 entries
  • 13622

Suppression of RNA recognition by toll-like receptors: The impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA.

Immunity, 23, 165-175, 2005.

Karikó and Weissman discovered the nucleoside modifications that suppress the immungenicity of RNA, leading to their patents for the application of non-immunogenic, nucleoside-modified RNA (modRNA). This technology was licensed by Pfizer BioNTech and Moderna to develop their mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. Order of authorship in the original publication: Karikó, Buckstein, Ni, Weissman.
Digital facsimile from sciencedirect.com at this link.



Subjects: BIOLOGY › MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, IMMUNOLOGY › Molecular Immunology, IMMUNOLOGY › Vaccines, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Coronaviruses (Coronaviridae) › SARS CoV-2 (Cause of COVID-19)
  • 14201

Zika virus protection by a single low-dose nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination.

Nature, 543, 248-251, 2017.

Prior to their development of the mRNA vaccine for Covid-19, Karikó and Weissman (Nobel Prize 2023) and colleagues used a novel mRNA vaccine, with base modifications created in their laboratory, to generate a protective Zika vaccine. 

From the abstract: “....Here we demonstrate that a single low-dose intradermal immunization with lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside modified mRNA (mRNA-LPN), encoding the pre-membrane and envelope glycoproteins of a strain from the ZIKV outbreak in 2013, elicited potent and durable neutralizing antibody responses in mice and non-human primates....” In 2023 the full text of this paper was available from nature.com at this link.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Pardi....Karikō....Weissman.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)




Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Zika Virus Disease, VIROLOGY › VIRUSES (by Family) › Flaviviridae › Zika Virus